Ukuthwala iinxalenye kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ukuhamba nge-forging, rolling, punching, ukuguqula, ukugaya, ukunyanga ukushisa kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kunokuvela zonke iintlobo zeziphene.Ezi zilandelayo ziziphene ezintlanu eziqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.
1, ukubumba iziphene - ukugoba ukugoba
Ngenxa yezinto ezingalinganiyo zokusika, i-burr, i-flying edge kunye nezinye izizathu, kulula ukwenza ukugoqa kumphezulu, obonakala ngokugoba okuqinileyo, ukumila okungaqhelekanga, ukuvela ngokulula kumphezulu wamalungu.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa umgubo wemagnethi we-fluorescent ukuze uchonge isiphene ukwenza isiphene sibonakale sicace ngakumbi kwaye sinengqondo.Amanqaku abunjiweyo kunye asongwe kunye nomphezulu kwi-Angile ethile yomgca, i-groove kunye neshiti lesikali sentlanzi.
Icandelo lesiphene lenziwe kwiisampulu ze-metallographic kwaye zabonwa phantsi kwe-microscope.Umsila onesiphene wawungqukuva kwaye ubuthuntu, omabini amacala ayegudileyo, kwaye kwakukho into ecacileyo ye-oxidation.Akukho zinto zibandakanyiweyo kunye nezinye izidumbu zangaphandle zifunyenwe kwisiphene.Emva kokuba i-asidi ebandayo idlele isampuli ye-metallographic, indawo enesiphene kunye namacala ayo amabini ayene-decarburization enzulu kunye ne-oxidation.I-morphology yomgangatho womgangatho wesiphene wabonwa, kwaye umkhondo wokuguqulwa kweplastiki wawucacile, ngaphandle kokukrazula i-morphology yokwaphuka.Ngovavanyo lobulukhuni be-microhardness kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwe-metallographic, ukuqina kwe-carburizing kukho kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo kumphezulu womgangatho wesiphene.Ukuqukumbela, isiphene bekufanele ukuba sibekho phambi kokuba unyango ubushushu kunye nokucinywa, kwaye unxibelelane nehlabathi langaphandle, kwaye wagwetywa njengenkohliso ukusonga.
2, ukubumba iziphene - ukubumba i-overburn
Ukushisa kuya kwenzeka xa iqondo lokushisa lokufudumeza liphezulu kakhulu kwaye ixesha lokubamba lide kakhulu.Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-oxidation yomda weenkozo okanye ukunyibilika kuya kwenzeka.Uqwalaselo lweMicroscopic lubonisa ukuba umda wengqolowa yentsimbi yomaleko womphezulu i-oxidized kwaye iqhekezwe nge-Angle ebukhali.Ngaphezu koko, imida yeenkozo nayo yaqala ukunyibilika kwiindawo apho ukubunjwa kwangaphakathi kwesinyithi kwahlulwa ngakumbi, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, imiqolomba ekhonjiweyo yenziwa.Izinto ezitshiswe ngokugqithisileyo zenziwe ngolu hlobo lwesiphene, ziphantsi kwesando esinzima sokubunjwa, ukubethelwa kunye nokusila, kwaye isiphene siya kukrazula apha, senze isiphene esikhulu.Umphezulu otshiswe kakhulu wokubumba ufana nexolo leorenji elineentanda ezintle kunye nexolo elishinyeneyo le-oxide.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe umgubo wemagnethi we-fluorescent ukuze kubonwe isiphene ukwenza isiphene sibonise ngokucacileyo.Imingxunya yemingxuma yenziwa kukutshisa ngokugqithisileyo iziphene ekubumbeni.
Ukuqwalaselwa kweMicroscopic yeesampulu ze-metallographic ezenziwe kunye necandelo lesiphene libonise ukuba imingxuma yasasazwa kumphezulu kunye nomgangatho wesibini.Imingxuma yayingama-angular kwezinye iindawo, inobukhulu obahlukeneyo kwaye ingenamzantsi ngobunzulu.Kwakukho iintanda ezintle emiphethweni kunye ne-corn boundary oxidation kwezinye iindawo.Ukongeza, indawo eqhekekileyo yabonwa emva kokutyunyuzwa ecaleni kwemingxuma yesiphene.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuphuka kwakubunjwe ngamatye, kwaye inani elikhulu lemingxuma kunye ne-micro-cracks yasasazwa kuyo.
3. Ukucima iintanda
Kwinkqubo yokucima, xa iqondo lokushisa lokucima liphezulu kakhulu okanye izinga lokupholisa likhawuleza, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lukhulu kunamandla okuqhekeka kwezinto eziphathekayo, kuya kubakho ukucima.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fluorescent magnetic particle kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukuphucula ubuntununtunu kunye nokuthembeka.Iimpawu zemagneti zeziphene zokucima ziqhelekile, zijikeleza, ziyi-dendritic okanye ireticular, zinendawo yokuqala ebanzi kwaye ziyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwicala lolwandiso.
Ngokusisiseko ecaleni konikezelo lomkhombandlela ojikelezayo, ukucofa umsila.Emva kokusika i-crack ukwenza isampulu ye-metallographic, kunokubonwa ukuba i-crack inzulu kakhulu, ngokusisiseko i-perpendicular kumphezulu ongaphandle, kwaye akukho kufakwa kwezinto kunye nezinye imizimba yangaphandle efunyenwe kwi-crack.Kwaphawulwa ukuba i-fracture i-brittle kwaye i-surface ye-fracture ngokucacileyo yayiyi-pyrochromatic.
4, iziphene zokusila
Kwinkqubo yokucima, xa iqondo lokushisa lokucima liphezulu kakhulu okanye izinga lokupholisa likhawuleza, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lukhulu kunamandla okuqhekeka kwezinto eziphathekayo, kuya kubakho ukucima.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fluorescent magnetic particle kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukuphucula ubuntununtunu kunye nokuthembeka.Iimpawu zemagneti zeziphene zokucima ziqhelekile, zijikeleza, ziyi-dendritic okanye ireticular, zinendawo yokuqala ebanzi kwaye ziyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwicala lolwandiso.
Ngokusisiseko ecaleni konikezelo lomkhombandlela ojikelezayo, ukucofa umsila.Emva kokusika i-crack ukwenza isampulu ye-metallographic, kunokubonwa ukuba i-crack inzulu kakhulu, ngokusisiseko i-perpendicular kumphezulu ongaphandle, kwaye akukho kufakwa kwezinto kunye nezinye imizimba yangaphandle efunyenwe kwi-crack.Kwaphawulwa ukuba i-fracture i-brittle kwaye i-surface ye-fracture ngokucacileyo yayiyi-pyrochromatic.
5. Iziphene zemathiriyeli ekrwada
Kwinkqubo yokusila yamacandelo okuthwala, ukuqhekeka kokugaya kulula ukwenzeka ngenxa yokutya okuninzi kwevili lokugaya, ukuphuma kwe-shaft yevili lesanti, ukungonelanga kokunikezelwa kolwelo lokusika kunye nengqolowa egayiweyo yevili lokugaya.Ukongeza, ngexesha lonyango lobushushu, ubushushu bokucima buphezulu kakhulu, okukhokelela ekugqithiseni kwamacandelo, iinkozo ezirhabaxa, umthamo oseleyo we-austenite, i-mesh kunye namasuntswana arhabaxa.
Iimpawu zozibuthe zeziphene zokusila zihlala zinenatha, iradial, i-parallel linear okanye iqhekeziwe.Iimpawu zamagnetic zincinci kwaye zibukhali, kunye nolwandlalo olucacileyo kunye nenani elikhulu labo, elidla ngokuba li-perpendicular ukuya kwindlela yokugaya.Amanqaku emagnethi agxininiswe kakhulu kwindawo ephakathi, ecaleni kwendlela ejikelezayo, ngokwemilo yomgca omde okanye idendritic, i-bifurcation engaphelelanga, ukuhlangana kwamanqaku emagnethi.
Kwaphawulwa ukuba icandelo lokuqhekeka lilungile kwaye li-perpendicular kumphezulu.Akukho kufakwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, isikali se-oxide kunye nezinye izidumbu zangaphandle zifunyenwe kwicandelo lokuqhekeka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-20-2022